FOOD PREFERENCES AND FORAGING ECOLOGY OF THE BLACK AND WHITE MANNIKIN BIRD (Spermestes bicolor) FOUND IN ILARO, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA.

Abstract

This study was conducted in Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria, in 2023, aiming to understand the food preferences and feeding behaviours of the Spermestes bicolor, commonly known as the Black and White Mannikin, to support sustainable tourism initiatives. This investigation spanned 12 months and focused on 20 pairs of Black and White Mannikins, ranging in size from one to ten, observed across three distinct areas: Residential zones, Farmland, and Fallowland. Data collection utilised the Direct Observation method, with researchers employing Bushnell 750 binoculars from dawn to dusk to minimize bird disturbance during feeding activities. Throughout the study period, detailed records were maintained regarding foraging locations, feeding techniques, feeding duration, bird population density, types of food consumed, and interactions with other avian species. Analysis of the gathered data revealed that the Black and White Mannikin's diet predominantly comprised plant-based resources, accounting for 70% of their intake. In comparison, insects constituted 27%, and the remaining 3% comprised leaves and flowers. Among plant-based foods, Panicum Maximum seeds were the most commonly consumed at 14.5%, followed by Lawsoniainermis fruits at 10.7%, and Ficus thonningii seeds at 8.6%. Regarding insects, Macrotermes bellicosus exhibited the highest frequency of observation at 16.2%, trailed by Parasysciasudanensis at 13%. Examination of habitat utilization patterns indicated that residential areas constituted 55% of the Black and White Mannikin's habitat, while farmland and fallow areas collectively represented 25%. These findings offer insights into the dietary preferences and habitat usage tendencies of the Black and White Mannikin within the study area, thereby providing valuable information for the development of strategies aimed at sustainable tourism management.