Federal Polytechnic Ilaro Journal of Pure And Applied Sciences

INVESTIGATING CRIME IN URBAN CENTERS (A CASE STUDY OF ABEOKUTA SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT, OGUN STATE)

S.A. ABUBAKAR, — 2024-01-05

ABSTRACT
Crime and violence are viewed as roadblocks to development, especially in urban areas. Due to socioeconomic inequality and marginalisation, crime and violence rates are higher in urban areas. Finding the variables influencing crime in the Abeokuta South local government area was the aim of this study. The kind and quantity of crime in the area, the kinds of conduct that young people view as criminal, the features of slums that incite criminal activity, and whether or not there are discernible disparities in crime based on social class and educational attainment were all taken into account. This study employed a descriptive research design. Residents of the Abeokuta South local government area who were at least eighteen years old made up the target demographic. The municipal authority established wards and used a multistage cluster sampling method. There are 15 wards in the Abeokuta South local government area. Eight areas were selected as the sampling size when wards were used as the sampling units. Two areas from each ward were randomly selected as the sampling clusters. The descriptive technique was also used to analyze and present statistical and quantitative data. The survey found that pickpocketing and robberies were the two most frequent crimes in the Abeokuta South local government area. According to the study, fewer criminal acts would occur if there were more police officers and they had access to patrol cars. To combat unemployment and inactivity, the government ought to support youth in pursuing higher education.

THE PERCEPTION OF SMALL-SCALE FARMERS ON THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY ON TOMATO YIELD IN IMEKO AFON LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF OGUN STATE, NIGERIA

R.A. LAWAL — 2024-01-05

ABSTRACT
The amount and quality of agricultural production, particularly the production of tomatoes, are directly and
frequently negatively impacted by climate variability. This study examined how small-scale farmers in Ogun
State's Imeko Afon Local Government Area perceived the impact of climatic variability on tomato productivity.
From 12 communities in the Local Government Area, 294 tomato farmers were chosen using a purposeful
sampling technique. Multiple linear regression models and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data.
Data on climate variations that affect tomato yield and farmers' perceptions of those effects were collected using
well-structured questionnaires. Secondary data on climatic parameters and tomato yield from 1996 to 2015 were
obtained from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET) and Ogun State Agricultural Development
Programme (OGADEP) to compare them with field source (primary source) on climate variation. The results
showed that temperature and climate moisture indices (CMI) positively impact tomato yield, while rainfall has a
negative impact and humid periods have no discernible influence. Small-scale farmers typically believe that
climate variation hurts tomato production because it affects the timing of the harvest, the stability of the planting
season, and the yield of tomatoes, according to 88.4, 77.1, and 68.0% of the respondents. Also, the primary and
secondary data on small-scale farmers’ perceptions of the effect of climate variation were significantly related.
As a result, climate variation has a severe impact on tomato production, resulting in low yields and significant
financial losses in the research area. Tomato producers need to be informed on and trained in several adaptation
techniques, including the use of green manure or organic manure and the planting of early- or late-maturing tomato
varieties, as well as the adoption of enhanced varieties that are drought-resistant.

INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON EMERGENT OF PARASITIC DISEASES: A REVIEW

A. ADEWOLE, — 2024-01-05

ABSTRACT
Emergency parasitic infections are linked to disruptions of previously stable microbiological equilibria brought on by different social and environmental actions carried out by humans, including climate change. Climate change, which always moves in one or two directions, either causes temperatures to rise or fall, which increases the activity of parasites, vectors, and their hosts. Other factors include global warming, population growth, military interference, and major population migration brought on by natural or man-made calamities. Whether diseases arise spontaneously or as a result of human intervention, each of these environmental factors affects the context and ecological balance in which disease hosts, vectors, and parasites thrive, develop, and disseminate. The re-emergence and emergence of parasite diseases depend on having a thorough understanding of their life cycle and the connections between several variables, including human behaviour and the environment. Critical or adequate monitoring, a campaign to create awareness of the impact or influence of tampering with these factors will drastically reduce the resurgence. Environmental and ecological changes must be made to lower the load of parasites and the danger of transmitted parasites as part of integrated approaches to the control of emerging illnesses. The development of geographic information systems (GIS) has made it possible to create "health maps" of surroundings and forecast the onset of vector-borne diseases, which are used in many nations as part of services and management of standard public health.

MANGIFERA INDICA LEAF-MEDIATED SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ZINC OXIDE

A.A. AJAYI — 2024-01-05

ABSTRACT
Through the utilization of Mangifera indica extract, we have accomplished a successful and environmentally friendly green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs). These nanoparticles were precipitated with the aid of an aqueous extract from M. indica and subsequently subjected to a characterization process at a temperature of 450°C. In the ultraviolet-visible spectrum, the aqueous mixture of ZnO-NPs displayed a notable peak absorption wavelength range at 374 nm, accompanied by a calculated band gap of 3.32 eV, signifying substantial progress in their development. The FTIR analysis revealed an absorption peak at 456 cm-1 , corresponding to Zn-O stretching, along with an O-H bond intensity at 3425 cm-1 . Additionally, SEM imaging provided visual evidence of irregularly distributed spherical-shaped particles, with an average size measuring approximately 86.7 nm. Comprehensive analysis further affirmed the successful formation of zinc oxide, highlighting nearly equal atomic ratios between Zn and O elements, indicating a 1:1 ratio. This investigation underscores the potential of water extract derived from Mangifera indica as a promising and eco-friendly alternative for synthesizing nanoparticles, such as ZnO-NPs.