Federal Polytechnic Ilaro Journal of Pure And Applied Sciences

FEPI-JOPAS VOLUME 4 ISSUE 2 - TABLE OF CONTENTS

fepi_jopas fepi_jopas — 2022-12-31

The aim of FEPI-JOPAS is to provide intellectual bedrock for both indigenous and internationalscholars with quality research outputs to express and communicate their research findings to abroader populace. It serves as a valuable platform for the dissemination of information to 21stCentury researchers, professionals, policymakers, manufacturers, production staff, R & D personnel as well as governmental and non-governmental agencies. It also aimed to provide aplatform for academics and industry practitioners to share cases on the application ofmanagement concepts to complex real-world situations in pure and applied sciences and related fields

Sustainable Art and Design: Activating Sighting as the Phenomenon ofRepresentational Drawing

Seyi-Gbangbayau P.S — 2022-12-31

Over the centuries, the proportion has been a strong principle in art and also in architecture,building, civil, and other engineering professions. It is an obvious fact, when the proportion isabsent in art, architectural or engineering works, the result is not only dangerous but it makes suchworks abnormal. Lack of this knowledge or deliberate refusal to use it, maybe the reason for thecollapse of buildings in some cities. This paper, therefore, intends to emphasize the use of what isgenerally called rule or unit of measure in art as a panacea to ideal proportionate artworks or evenconstruction works. The research also aims at encouraging artists to master the ideal proportionfirst before dashing into abstraction or purposeful exaggeration of forms. This will encourage moreattention in the area of realism and naturalism not only in drawing, painting or sculpture but in artgenerally. The methodology used for this quantitative research includes observation of studiopractice, literature review, and interview of a few artists and students. The paper concludes thatrule of measure contributed immensely to the huge success recorded in the Classical period of artand was also the reason for the unparalleled glory attained during the Renaissance era. Therefore,the study recommends that for a sustainable environment, schools especially art schools shouldcreate more space in their curriculum for the teaching of the rule of measure in art and alsorecommends further research on this topic

Assessment of Heavy Metals in Processed Meat (Tinko) Sold within Igbesa Community

Oladipo F. — 2022-12-31

Meat is a major source of protein, fat and other essential nutrients required for growth and development. Tomeet up with the increasing demand, meat products can be processed and preserved for consumption. This studyassessed the levels of heavy metals (Cd2+, Cr6+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Pb2+, and Zn2+) in processed and preservedmeat(“Tinko”) sold and consumed in the Igbesa community. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) was usedto determine the presence of these metals.The concentrations of Cd2+, Cr6+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ were0.005, 0.223, 1.445, 2.165, 1.018, and 1.669 mg/kg, respectively. Cadmium, chromium and zinc were within thesafe limits of 0.02, 1.50,and 2.00 mg/kg, respectively. While copper, iron and lead exceeded the safe limits of1.00, 2.00, and 0.05 mg/kg, respectively, as established by WHO/FAO. Regular daily intake limits of heavymetals in diets should be monitored and practices that increase the concentrationof metals in the environment should be discouraged.

The Hypoglycemic Effect of Musa Sapientum in Alloxan Induced DiabeticAlbino Wistar Rat1

Afuye O.O — 2022-12-31

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease identified with abnormal high level of glucose in the blood and excretionin the urine. Traditionally, Musa sapietum (banana) is a perennial herb that has been used to lower glucoselevel in the blood of diabetic patients. This research aimed to determine the effect of methanolic extract of Musasapientum (Musaceae) sucker (root) on blood glucose and glutathione levels in alloxan-induced diabetic albinowistar rats and compared with a reference drug, gilbenclamide. Twenty-nine rats were grouped into five.Groups A and B were induced with alloxan and orally administered with methanol extract of Musa sapientumsucker (root) at doses of 5mg/body weight and 10mg/body weight simultaneously for 4 weeks, group C was fedwith normal feed for 4 weeks, group D was induced with alloxan and not treated for 4 weeks while group E wasinduced with alloxan and treated with gilberclimide (drug) for 4 weeks after which the rats were sacrificed andthe levels of fasting blood glucose and glutathione were measured. Tests of homogeneity of variance using One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were conducted. The blood glucose of the rats induced with alloxan onlysignificantly increased while the level of glutathione significantly reduced compared with control showinginduction of diabetes and oxidative stress. Rats treated with Musa Sapientum at doses of 5mg/bodyweight and10mg/body weight lowered the glucose level and increased glutathione level significantly when compared withcontrol and gilbenclamide groups

Rainwater Quality Evaluation for AgriculturalUse: Case Study of a Portland Cement Producing Area

Oyedeji A.O — 2022-12-31

The quality and chemical composition of rainwater available for agricultural purposes are influenced by anthropogenic factors that have a significant impact on crops and yields. This study was performed primarily to identify baseline rainwater quality conditions for irrigation and other agricultural purposes. Rainwater from Ibeshe, home to two proximate Portland cement plants, was analysed for anions, and cations and assessed for its agrarian usefulness. The physicochemical characteristics and total dissolved solids (TDS) (34.56 mg/L) measured in situ were suitable for agricultural purposes. Among the cations and macronutrients, Ca2+(434.47±212.67), Na+(1768.9±724.8), K+(594.3±296.0), Mg2+(521.33±62.43), and B3+(10.53±1.75) measured in meq/L exceeded the standards required for irrigation water, while all anions except nitrate, were within acceptable limits. The irrigation quality potentials of the rainwater samples were assessed by determining parameters including sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), sodium hazard (SH), Kelly’s index (KI), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), magnesium hazard (MH), potential salinity (PS), and calcium/magnesium ratio (Ca/Mg). Irrigation quality indicators, including SAR (80.91 meq/L), KI (1.85 meq/L), SSP (71.2%), Ca/Mg (0.833) and MH (54.53 meq/L) showed the unsuitability of the rainwater for irrigation purposes, while the PS (0.01 meq/L) and %Na (53.0%) values were within acceptable limits.The rainwater quality will make the soil alkaline, saline, and clayish over time, and unsuitable for specific crops without prior soil amendment. The findings contribute to the understanding of rainfall chemistry in the cement-producing area of Yewaland by providing baseline information for a previously unstudied community

Analytical Approach to Investigating the Influence of Blood Group and BloodGenotype on the Performance of Students of Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro.

Buoye P.A — 2022-12-31

The liquid tissue in human being called blood, which circulates and thus transports oxygen and other vital materialsaround the body is grouped into eight based on the presence or absence of antigens on the surface of the red bloodcell found in the blood. This blood group system is called the ABO. The kind of genetic material that is present inindividual blood is the blood genotype of such an individual. Because there are variations in the blood group andblood genotype within the group of people in a population, this paper analyzed the effect of the variation in bloodgroup and blood genotype on the academic performance of students. JASP data analysis software was used for theanalysis of the data used in this paper. ANOVA was carried out on the mean score of the students in each of theblood groups and blood genotypes. The results of the ANOVA show a t-test with p-values that are less than 0.001which means that there is no statistically significant difference in the mean score of each of the groups andgenotypes, hence, the academic performance of students does not depend on the blood group or genotype to whichthe students belong

Dough Mixing Time: Impact on Dough Properties, Bread-Baking Quality andConsumer Acceptability

Adebowale O.J — 2022-12-31

Dough structures undergo physical deformation during the mixing and fermentation operations affecting doughrheological behaviour and breads’ texture. These effects could eventually reduce consumers’ willingness-to-by theproduct (bread) and in some cases resulted to its rejection. The impact of dough mixing time on dough properties,bread-baking characteristics and consumer acceptability were evaluated. Dough properties (weight and height) andbread-baking characteristics (weight, height, specific volume, and baking loss) were determined using a standardprocedures. Mixing time varied from 10 to 50 min. Consumer acceptability was conducted in a standard sensoryevaluation room, using untrained panellists to score the sensory attributes (crumb colour, crust colour, crumbtexture, flavour, aroma and shape) of bread. Results showed a significant decrease in the dough weight withincrease in the corresponding heights. Whereas the bread weights decreased, specific loaf volume and baking lossincreased significantly with increasing dough mixing time. All the sensory attributes of bread samples evaluated bythe panellists were significantly different except the taste. Though, overall acceptability scores for bread samplesdid not differ significantly with mixing time up to 30 minutes, but preference was more on bread processed fromdough mixed for 20 minutes. Therefore, mixing dough for 20 minutes could be a way to enhance consumeracceptability of bread

Chemical Composition of Harvested Rainwater around a Cement Factory inIbeshe, Yewa North, Ogun State

Oguntade B.K — 2022-12-31

This study assessed the physicochemical properties of rainwater in Ibeshe, an area around the Dangote Cementfactory in Ogun State. Rainwater samples were collected as bulk precipitation from April – September 2022 atweekly intervals. Collected rainwater samples were analyzed for basic composite variables (pH, electricalconductivity, temperature, and total dissolved solids using a portable pH meter and conductivity meter respectively),and major cations (magnesium, sodium, calcium, iron, arsenic, lead, and silicon). The AGILENT 720 ICP-OES wasused for Mg2+, Na+, Ca2+, Fe2+, K+, and Pb2+. All the results obtained show that rainwater in the study area was basic(6.73 – 7.63) and all the parameters were within the WHO limit. Also, it was observed that the activities of thecement mining plant had little or no influence on the chemistry of the rainwater in the study area

Physicochemical properties and sensory evaluation of milk candy ‘toffee’ (aNIGERIA candy) enrich with coconut, tigernut and groundnut

Alokun-Adesanya O.A — 2022-12-31

The proximate composition and sensory properties of candies produced with different blends of coconut, tiger nutand groundnut were investigated. Eight (8) samples and a control (100% condensed milk) were developed in ratiosas: AC (90:10 condensed milk and coconut), BC (90:10 condensed milk and tiger nut), CC (90:10 condensed milkand groundnut), DC (80:10:10 condensed milk, coconut, and groundnut), EC (80:10:10 condensed milk, tiger nut,and groundnut), FC (80:10:10 condensed milk, coconut, and groundnut) and GC (70:10:10:10 condensed milk,coconut, groundnut and tiger nut). Moisture, ash, fat, protein, crude fibre, and carbohydrate contents of the candysamples showed significant differences and were recorded as 2.03-4.24%, 3.86-6.84%, 6.43-18.22%, 1.13-1.84%,0.64-1.11 and 68.48-82.98% respectively. The pH for all the candy samples ranged from 6.02 to 6.10. Sensoryanalysis revealed significant difference in colour, aroma, texture, taste, mouthfeel, and overall acceptability. Anacceptable candy can be developed from condensed milk fortified with coconut, tiger nut and groundnut milk.Sample AC and DC were with the highest scores were mostly preferred by the panelist. Hence, value-addedproducts (candy) could be developed using coconut, groundnut and under-utilized tiger nut reducing the burden ofhigh cost of animal milk

Informal Settlements in Developing Countries: Issues, Challenges and Prospects

Olubodun M.E — 2022-12-31

Professionals in the built environment as well as governments of most developing countries have had to challengethe problem of the proliferation of informal settlements in recent years. The inner core of informal settlements is mostly affected, while the peri-urban slums are inflicted with the absence of social services and infrastructure,uncontrolled development, and substandard housing sector. The rate and geometric proportion of population growthand explosion in urban cities have given rise to several informal settlements springing up in major urban centers indeveloping countries, especially in Africa. Most African cities are characterised by unequal development, owing tothe growth of informal settlements. A greater percentage of the African population resides in urban centers, with the expectation that about 66% of the world’s population will live in urban centers by the year 2050! The UnitedNations termed a megacity as a continuously urbanised area with a population of at least 10 million people, mostmajor cities of Africa fall into this bracket. With this assertion, the development of informal settlements in theseurban cities is a great expectation, as continuous rural-urban drift is a major factor. The aim of this study is toexamine the different reasons for the creation or emergence of informal settlements in urban cities, especially in Africa with Lagos as a focal point, and to weigh efforts of successive governments to mitigate, manage and improveor renew informal settlements

Comparison of Sensory Properties of Meals Produced from Cowpea andPigeon Pea.

AFUYE O. F. — 2022-12-31

The study was conducted to compare the methods of processing, sensory qualities, and overall acceptability of foodsamples produced from two varieties of beans (cowpea and pigeon pea). The beans were processed and preparedinto beans porridge, steamed beans pudding, and beans cake. The sensory qualities of the resulting products from thebeans were assessed using a trained taste panelist. The data collected were subjected to descriptive and inferentialstatistics. The cooking time of cowpea and pigeon pea were determined. Pigeon peas took 4 hr to cook while;cowpea took 1hr30min to cook. Pigeon pea requires soaking before dehulling and it was soaked for 1 hr 35 minbefore it was blended. Cowpea was found to be rated higher when used to prepare steamed bean pudding comparedto pigeon peas. Furthermore, the preference for pigeon pea porridge is higher than cowpea porridge in taste valuebut, there is no significant difference in their flavours. Although, their appearances and textures are different allmeals are generally accepted on the same scale except for pigeon pea porridge which was found to be preferredmore than other sub-varieties. Hence, the consumption of pigeon peas prepared into varieties of dishes should beencouraged

Automated Lecture Timetable Generation Using Genetic Algorithm

Ogunseye J.O — 2022-12-31

Making the perfect school schedule has been a major concern for both administrators and lecturers. Often, this isdone manually, and many errors are discovered at the stages where a class is supposed to begin. A GeneticAlgorithm approach is proposed in this study to aid the timetable scheduling process. The main reason for this is thatthere are numerous factors and decisions to be taken, such as audience, subjects, lecturers, student group, and timeslot the need to take into account the difficulty of the classes they will take as well as their exam schedules andavailability. This approach compares the quality of different schedules to decide which one is the best based onfitness costs. Then, we may decide on better schedules utilizing crossover, mutation, and elitism choices. The use ofa genetic algorithm assists in the automatic generation of a timetable based on information. Human error and effortin the planning process are reduced by the genetic algorithm.

Septic Tanks Contamination on Groundwater Quality around Elementary Schoolsin Ibadan,Oyo State Nigeria

Sosanya P.A — 2022-12-31

Septic tanks are constructed to hold raw domestic effluent that contains human waste, fecal matter and suspendedmaterial which may affect the quality of groundwater. A total of 30 water samples were collected in duplicate forboth public and private primary schools for analysis of their physicochemical quality and biological analysis usingstandard method. The value for physicochemical parameters was within permissible limits (WHO) except for DOwith high value in School C. Iron (Fe) values for all the water samples ranged from 0.18 to 0.66 mg/l, which wasabove the WHO (1998) permissible limit. The microbial parameters were above the WHO recommended limit ofzero. School C (Farayola) had both the highest Escherichia coli and total coliform with 24 and 43 (cfu/ml)respectively. However, monitoring, awareness and management measure should be put in place by authorities.

Waste Disposal Systems in Some Selected Abattoirs Located in Ilaro Metropolis

Ojo O.O — 2022-12-31

This paper assesses the waste disposal systems in some selected abattoirs in Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria. The study objectives consist of various types of waste generated, methods of disposal and management, and challenges involved. The population of the study encompasses of all the users, managers, and immediate residents of Alapoka and Sabo Abattoirs and six (6) slaughter labs in Ilaro, Yewa South Local Government area of Ogun State. Purposive sampling technique was adopted, Fourty-eight (48) questionnaires was distributed for various stakeholders.Descriptive and Mann-Whitney U non parametric statistical methodology was employed in the analysis of the datacollected for this study. Findings show that immediate environment suffered environmental degradation offensive odour, disease transmission and soil erosion within the study areas as evidenced from the pvalues 0.689, 0.684,0.660 and 0.906 > 0.05 level of significance in the effect of waste management and compatibility of uses and enhancesmobility within the abattoir